Hello India....

Hello India:

Capital New Delhi
28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E / 28.6133°N 77.2083°E / 28.6133; 77.2083
Largest city Mumbai
Official language(s) 
Hindi, English[show]

* Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Union and English an additional language for official work.[1]

Recognised regional languages 
8th Schedule:[show]

* Assamese
* Bengali
* Bodo
* Dogri
* Gujarati
* Hindi
* Kannada
* Kashmiri
* Konkani
* Maithili
* Malayalam
* Manipuri
* Marathi
* Nepali
* Oriya
* Punjabi
* Sanskrit
* Santali
* Sindhi
* Tamil
* Telugu
* Urdu

National languages None defined by the Constitution[3]
Demonym Indian
Government Federal parliamentary
constitutional republic[1]
- President Pratibha Patil
- Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (INC)
- Speaker of the House Meira Kumar (INC)
- Chief Justice S. H. Kapadia
Legislature Parliament of India
- Upper House Rajya Sabha
- Lower House Lok Sabha
Independence from the United Kingdom 
- Declared 15 August 1947 
- Republic 26 January 1950 
Area
- Total 3,287,263 km2 [A](7th)
1,269,219 sq mi 
- Water (%) 9.56
Population
- 2011 census 1,210,193,422[4] (2nd)
- Density 366.2/km2 (31st)
948.4/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate
- Total $4.469 trillion[5] (3rd[5])
- Per capita $3,703[5] 
GDP (nominal) 2011 estimate
- Total $1.843 trillion[5] (10th)
- Per capita $1,527[5] 
Gini (2004) 36.8[6] (79th)
HDI (2011) increase0.547[7] (medium) (134th)
Currency Indian rupee (INR) (INR)
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
- Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+05:30)
Date formats dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Drives on the left
ISO 3166 code IN
Internet TLD .in
Other TLDs[show]

India’s position in the World:

India is the world’s fifth most powerful country, according to a New Delhi-authored national security document, the Times of India reported on Wednesday, as Indian analysts placed the emerging nation above major European powers.

Outranking traditional global powers such as the UK, France and Germany, India’s ballooning population, defense capabilities and economic clout were cited as reasons for its position behind only the U.S., China, Japan and Russia in India’s National Security Annual Review 2010, which will be officially released by the country’s foreign ministry next week.

Its statistical foundations in terms of population numbers and GDP aside — in terms of purchasing power parity, it should be noted — India’s experience of wielding power on the global stage of late, boosted by its temporary seat on the United Nations Security Council, has been less encouraging.

India and America:

Indians are the wealthiest among all ethnic groups in America, even faring better than the whites and the natives.

There are 3.22 millions of Indians in USA (1.5% of population). YET,

38% of doctors in USA are Indians.

12% scientists in USA are Indians.

36% of NASA scientists are Indians.

34% of Microsoft employees are Indians.

28% of IBM employees are Indians.

17% of INTEL scientists are Indians.

13% of XEROX employees are Indians.

Quotes about India:

We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.

Albert Einstein.

India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend and the great grand mother of tradition.

Mark Twain.

If there is one place on the face of earth where all dreams of living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India .

French scholar Romain Rolland.

India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border.

Hu Shih (former Chinese ambassador to USA)

Some of the following facts may be known to you. These facts were recently published in a German magazine, which deals with WORLD HISTORY FACTS ABOUT INDIA.
1

India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history.
2

India invented the Number system. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
3

The world's first University was established in Takshila in 700BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
4

According to the Forbes magazine, Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software.
5

Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans.
6

Although western media portray modern images of India as poverty striken and underdeveloped through political corruption, India was once the richest empire on earth.
7

The art of navigation was born in the river Sindh 5000 years ago. The very word "Navigation" is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH.
8

The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is now k! ! nown as the Pythagorean Theorem. British scholars have last year (1999) officially published that Budhayan's works dates to the 6 th Century which is long before the European mathematicians.
9

Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Quadratic equations were by Sridharacharya in the 11 th Century; the largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Indians used numbers as big as 1053.
10

According to the Gemmological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds to the world.
11

USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion amongst academics that the pioneer of wireless communication was Pr! ! ofessor Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi.
12

The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra.
13

Chess was invented in India.
14

Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted surgeries like cesareans, cataract, fractures and urinary stones. Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient India
15

When many cultures in the world were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilisation).
16

The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.

Q.
Who is the GM of Hewlett Packard (hp) ?
A.
Rajiv Gupta
Q.
Who is the creator of Pentium chip (needs no introduction as 90% of the today's computers run on it)?
A.
Vinod Dahm
Q.
Who is the third richest man on the world?
A.
According to the latest report on Fortune Magazine, it is Azim Premji, who is the CEO of Wipro Industries. The Sultan of Brunei is at 6 th position now.
Q.
Who is the founder and creator of Hotmail (Hotmail is world's No.1 web based email program)?
A.
Sabeer Bhatia
Q.
Who is the president of AT & T-Bell Labs (AT & T-Bell Labs is the creator of program languages such as C, C++, Unix to name a few)?
A.
Arun Netravalli
Q.
Who is the new MTD (Microsoft Testing Director) of Windows 2000, responsible to iron out all initial problems?
A.
Sanjay Tejwrika
Q.
Who are the Chief Executives of CitiBank, Mckensey & Stanchart?
A.
Victor Menezes, Rajat Gupta, and Rana Talwar.

Union of India and Constitution:

India, one of the world's largest democratic countries, is a Union of Twenty Eight states and seven Union Territories. The country is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary system of government. The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution adopted by the Constituent Assembly.

India was a dominion under the British colonial rule for a period of over 200 years till 1947. In August 15, 1947 India became independent after years of struggle, under the leadership of the Non- violent revolutionary advocate Mohandas Karam Chand (Mahatma) Gandhi, popularly referred to as the father of the Nation. The Indian constitution, the world's lengthiest constitution (with 395 articles and 8 schedules) was passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950. The Constitution created a Sovereign Democratic Republic which was officially named 'Bharat' (in National language Hindi, after the legendary king of the Epic Mahabharata) or India, a Union of different states. 

India is a federal system, a system of government in which power is divided by constitutional right between national and local units of government in regions. The constitution provides detailed lists dividing up legislative powers between central and state governments. The residual powers of legislation of the Union remain with the central government or the Parliament.

Legislature of the Union (Centre) which is called Parliament consists of the President and two houses, the upper house called Council of States or Rajya Sabha and House of the People or Lok Sabha. The President is the head of executive of the Union and is elected by members of an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies of the states for 5 year terms. Supreme command of the Defence forces of the Union also vests in him. The Prime Minister and a Council of Ministers (The Cabinet) under him, advice and aid the President in exercising his functions and he acts in accordance with such advice. Thus the real executive power of the Union vests in the Council of Ministers with Prime Minister as its head. The Prime Minister is designated by legislators of the political party or coalition commanding a parliamentary majority and is appointed by the President. The President then appoints subordinate ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Vice- President is ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha and acts as President when the latter is unable to discharge his functions due to any reason. He is elected in the same way as the President for a term of five years.

The Rajya Sabha consists of incumbents elected through an electoral college comprising of members of legislative assemblies of the States whereas the Lok Sabha consists of directly elected representatives by the people. The Rajya Sabha shall consist of 250 members out of which the President of India will nominate 12 persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of literature, art, science and social service. The remaining 238 seats are to be filled in by the representatives of the States and of the Union territories to be elected by the legislative assemblies of their respective states. One third of its members retire every second year and are re-appointed in staggered re-elections every second year. The Lok Sabha consist of 550 members, i.e., 530 members from the States and 20 members from the Union Territories. Its term, unless dissolved, is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. The Lok Sabha is Presided over by a Speaker. Each house of the Parliament has to meet within six months of its previous sitting. 

The Government of India consists of a number of ministries / departments for its administration, each Ministry assigned to a Minister who runs it with the assistance of a Secretary in charge of the particular Ministry. The Ministries are created and assigned by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister under Article 77 of the Constitution.

The system of Government in the States closely resembles that of the Union. Governor is head of executive of the State, but it is the Council of Ministers with Chief Minister as head in whom the real executive power vests.

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